{"id":2157,"date":"2025-07-23T19:10:14","date_gmt":"2025-07-23T16:10:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mahaarat.com\/?p=2157"},"modified":"2025-07-23T19:10:15","modified_gmt":"2025-07-23T16:10:15","slug":"%d8%a8%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%ba%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b8%d9%8a%d9%81%d9%87%d8%a7-%d9%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mahaarat.com\/?p=2157","title":{"rendered":"\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0634<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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\u0641\u064a 450 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><strong> \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627 \u2013 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629- \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 (\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0634\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644)<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u0648\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 (\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 1842)\u060c \u0648<\/strong><strong>L&#8217;Illustration&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>Illustrierte Zeitung<\/strong><strong> \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0632\u064a\u063a\u060c 1843\u060c \u0648<\/strong><strong>La Illustracion<\/strong><strong> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c 1849 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643\u060c 1855\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0625\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c 1857\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643\u060c 1857. \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 <\/strong><strong>Le Tour du monde<\/strong><strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1860\u060c \u0623\u0648 <\/strong><strong>Revue maritime et coloniale<\/strong><strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1861\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1888\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0644<\/strong><strong>: <\/strong><strong>Arbeiter Illustrierte Zeitung (1925) <\/strong><strong>\u060c <\/strong><strong>Vu (1928)<\/strong><strong>\u060c <\/strong><strong>Life (1936)<\/strong><strong>\u060c <\/strong><strong>Match<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>Paris<\/strong><strong> (1938)\u060c \u0623\u0648 <\/strong><strong>Voil\u00e0<\/strong><strong>\u060c <\/strong><strong>Regards <\/strong><strong>\u060c <\/strong><strong>Le Miroir du monde<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0639\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0651 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631) \u0648(\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mahaarat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645-\u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a-\u0641\u0648\u0643\u0633-\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"353\" height=\"427\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mahaarat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645-\u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a-\u0641\u0648\u0643\u0633-\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2159\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mahaarat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645-\u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a-\u0641\u0648\u0643\u0633-\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648.jpg 353w, https:\/\/www.mahaarat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645-\u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a-\u0641\u0648\u0643\u0633-\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648-248x300.jpg 248w, https:\/\/www.mahaarat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645-\u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a-\u0641\u0648\u0643\u0633-\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648-289x350.jpg 289w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 353px) 100vw, 353px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0634 \u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0648 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629.\u00a0 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0650\u0651\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0639 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0632\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1936 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mahaarat.com\/?p=2157\" class=\"read-more\">Read 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