{"id":1193,"date":"2013-11-07T00:00:10","date_gmt":"2013-11-06T21:00:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mahaarat.com\/?p=1045"},"modified":"2013-11-07T00:00:10","modified_gmt":"2013-11-06T21:00:10","slug":"chateaubriand","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mahaarat.com\/?p=1193","title":{"rendered":"Chateaubriand"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chateaubriand<\/h3>\n

Fran\u00e7ois-Ren\u00e9 de Chateaubriand, n\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-Malo le 4 septembre 1768 et mort \u00e0 Paris le 4 juillet 1848, est un \u00e9crivain romantique et homme politique fran\u00e7ais. Il est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme l’un des pr\u00e9curseurs du romantisme fran\u00e7ais et un des grands noms de la litt\u00e9rature fran\u00e7aise en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral.<\/h3>\n

Destin\u00e9 \u00e0 la carri\u00e8re de marin (son p\u00e8re \u00e9tait armateur), Francois-Rene Chateaubriand y renon\u00e7a et, en 1789, assista aux premiers bouleversements de la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise. En 1791, Chateaubriand part pour l\u2019Am\u00e9rique, continent dont il fera de nombreuses descriptions dans les M\u00e9moires d\u2019Outre-Tombe. En 1800, il rentre en France et fait publier l\u2019ann\u00e9e suivante Atala. 1802 est l\u2019ann\u00e9e de publication du G\u00e9nie du christianisme qui marque son ralliement provisoire \u00e0 Bonaparte, \u0153uvre qui est aussi un plaidoyer en faveur de la religion et qui est compos\u00e9e d\u2019Atala et de Ren\u00e9.<\/h3>\n

La carri\u00e8re politique<\/h3>\n

Chateaubriand commence alors une carri\u00e8re politique : il est d\u2019abord nomm\u00e9 secr\u00e9taire d\u2019ambassade \u00e0 Rome et un voyage en Orient lui inspire Les Martyrs (1809) et L\u2019Itin\u00e9raire de Paris \u00e0 J\u00e9rusalem (1811). D\u00e8s 1811, Chateaubriand met en chantier les M\u00e9moires d\u2019Outre-Tombe dont la r\u00e9daction prendra trente ans. La m\u00eame ann\u00e9e, il est \u00e9lu \u00e0 l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise. Ministre de l\u2019Int\u00e9rieur de Louis XVIII sous la Restauration, Chateaubriand devient Pair de France apr\u00e8s l\u2019exil d\u00e9finitif de Napol\u00e9on. En 1816, la publication de sa Monarchie selon la Charte cause sa r\u00e9vocation. De 1822 \u00e0 1824, il est ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, et sera invit\u00e9 \u00e0 d\u00e9missionner pour avoir critiqu\u00e9 la politique du gouvernement. Apr\u00e8s la mort de Louis XVIII, Charles X arrive au pouvoir et Chateaubriand devient ambassadeur \u00e0 Rome. Au cours de la \u00ab Monarchie de Juillet \u00bb, Chateaubriand est \u00e9cart\u00e9 du pouvoir en raison de son d\u00e9saccord avec l\u2019accession au tr\u00f4ne de Louis-Philippe. Chateaubriand abandonne alors d\u00e9finitivement la politique.<\/h3>\n

Le m\u00e9morialiste<\/h3>\n

Chateaubriand se consacre d\u00e9sormais enti\u00e8rement \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9criture de ses M\u00e9moires, \u0153uvre qu\u2019il ach\u00e8ve en 1841. Il meurt en 1848.<\/h3>\n

<\/h3>\n

Principales \u0152uvres de Chateaubriand<\/h3>\n

-Atala (1801)<\/h3>\n

Atala a d\u2019abord \u00e9t\u00e9 pens\u00e9 comme \u00e9tant une \u0153uvre racontant le voyage de Chateaubriand en Am\u00e9rique, mais elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 ensuite remani\u00e9e pour servir d\u2019\u00ab illustration \u00bb \u00e0 un th\u00e8me du G\u00e9nie du christianisme. Cet ouvrage a connu un vif succ\u00e8s en raison de l\u2019\u00e9vocation de souvenirs de voyage, d\u2019un certain exotisme et d\u2019une tonalit\u00e9 path\u00e9tique.<\/h3>\n

Ren\u00e9 (1802) Comme Atala, Ren\u00e9 a servi d\u2019illustration pour un chapitre du G\u00e9nie du christianisme. Cette \u0153uvre est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme ayant apport\u00e9 la gloire \u00e0 son auteur.<\/h3>\n

G\u00e9nie du christianisme (1802)Tr\u00e8s affect\u00e9 par la mort de sa m\u00e8re et de l\u2019une de ses s\u0153urs, Chateaubriand est l\u2019auteur de cette apologie de la religion chr\u00e9tienne. L\u2019ouvrage a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 peu avant le Concordat. Cette \u0153uvre a connu un grand succ\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque. Son but est de montrer le g\u00e9nie du christianisme \u00e0 l\u2019\u0153uvre dans l\u2019Histoire (contre la tradition philosophique). Cette \u0153uvre a aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9crite pour soutenir la politique religieuse de Napol\u00e9on en 1802. (\u2192 \u0153uvre apolog\u00e9tique).<\/h3>\n

M\u00e9moires d\u2019outre-tombe (1848)Les M\u00e9moires d\u2019outre-tombe sont le r\u00e9cit des \u00e9pisodes de la vie de Chateaubriand. Il y raconte ses voyages et sa vie politique. On y lit une certaine obsession de la fuite du temps, une m\u00e9lancolie manifeste : pr\u00e9curseur des romantiques, Chateaubriand a conscience d\u2019appartenir \u00e0 une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de \u00ab fin de si\u00e8cle \u00bb, connaissant l\u2019\u00e9croulement d\u2019une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e sur la monarchie. Les th\u00e8mes abord\u00e9s sont nombreux : confrontation du destin de l\u2019homme et de l\u2019histoire du monde, \u00ab mal du si\u00e8cle \u00bb, prise de conscience de l\u2019Histoire entre Ancien R\u00e9gime et Nouveau Monde, et<\/h3>\n

<\/h3>\n

Extrait d\u2019Atala<\/h3>\n

(Comment exprimer cette foule de sensations fugitives que j’\u00e9prouvais dans mes promenades ? Les sons que rendent les passions dans le vide d\u2019un c\u0153ur solitaire ressemblent au murmure que les vents et les eaux font entendre dans le silence d\u2019un d\u00e9sert ; on en jouit, mais on ne peut les peindre.<\/h3>\n

L\u2019automne me surprit au milieu de ces incertitudes : j\u2019entrai avec ravissement dans le mois des temp\u00eates. Tant\u00f4t j\u2019aurais voulu \u00eatre un de ces guerriers errant au milieu des vents, des nuages et des fant\u00f4mes ; tant\u00f4t j\u2019enviais jusqu\u2019au sort du p\u00e2tre que je voyais r\u00e9chauffer ses mains \u00e0 l\u2019humble feu de broussailles qu\u2019il avait allum\u00e9 au coin d\u2019un bois. J\u2019\u00e9coutais ses chants m\u00e9lancoliques, qui me rappelaient que dans tout pays le chant naturel de l\u2019homme est triste, lors m\u00eame qu\u2019il exprime le bonheur. Notre c\u0153ur est un instrument incomplet, une lyre o\u00f9 il manque des cordes, et o\u00f9 nous sommes forc\u00e9s de rendre les accents de la joie sur le ton consacr\u00e9 aux soupirs.<\/h3>\n

Le jour, je m\u2019\u00e9garais sur de grandes bruy\u00e8res termin\u00e9es par des for\u00eats. Qu\u2019il fallait peu de chose \u00e0 ma r\u00eaverie ! une feuille s\u00e9ch\u00e9e que le vent chassait devant moi, une cabane dont la fum\u00e9e s\u2019\u00e9levait dans la cime d\u00e9pouill\u00e9e des arbres, la mousse qui tremblait au souffle du Nord sur le tronc d\u2019un ch\u00eane, une roche \u00e9cart\u00e9e, un \u00e9tang d\u00e9sert o\u00f9 le jonc fl\u00e9tri murmurait ! Le clocher solitaire s\u2019\u00e9levant au loin dans la vall\u00e9e a souvent attir\u00e9 mes regards ; souvent j\u2019ai suivi des yeux les oiseaux de passage qui volaient au-dessus de ma t\u00eate. Je me figurais les bords ignor\u00e9s, les climats lointains o\u00f9 ils se rendent ; j\u2019aurais voulu \u00eatre sur leurs ailes. Un secret instinct me tourmentait : je sentais que je n\u2019\u00e9tais moi-m\u00eame qu\u2019un voyageur, mais une voix du ciel semblait me dire : \u00ab Homme, la saison de ta migration n\u2019est pas encore venue ; attends que le vent de la mort se l\u00e8ve, alors tu d\u00e9ploieras ton vol vers ces r\u00e9gions inconnues que ton c\u0153ur demande. \u00bb<\/h3>\n

\u00ab Levez-vous vite, orages d\u00e9sir\u00e9s qui devez emporter Ren\u00e9 dans les espaces d\u2019une autre vie ! \u00bb Ainsi disant, je marchais \u00e0 grands pas, le visage enflamm\u00e9, le vent sifflant dans ma chevelure, ne sentant ni pluie, ni frimas, enchant\u00e9, tourment\u00e9, et comme poss\u00e9d\u00e9 par le d\u00e9mon de mon c\u0153ur.<\/h3>\n

<\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Chateaubriand Fran\u00e7ois-Ren\u00e9 de Chateaubriand, n\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-Malo le 4 septembre 1768 et mort \u00e0 Paris le 4 juillet 1848, est un \u00e9crivain romantique et homme politique fran\u00e7ais. Il est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme l’un des pr\u00e9curseurs du romantisme fran\u00e7ais et un des grands noms de la litt\u00e9rature fran\u00e7aise en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. Destin\u00e9 \u00e0 la carri\u00e8re de marin (son p\u00e8re \u00e9tait armateur), Francois-Rene Chateaubriand y renon\u00e7a et, en 1789, assista aux premiers bouleversements de la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise. En 1791,Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1046,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1193","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pages-francaises","category-4"],"yoast_head":"\nChateaubriand - \u0645\u0640\u0647\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mahaarat.com\/?p=1193\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Chateaubriand - \u0645\u0640\u0647\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Chateaubriand Fran\u00e7ois-Ren\u00e9 de Chateaubriand, n\u00e9 \u00e0 Saint-Malo le 4 septembre 1768 et mort \u00e0 Paris le 4 juillet 1848, est un \u00e9crivain romantique et homme politique fran\u00e7ais. Il est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme l’un des pr\u00e9curseurs du romantisme fran\u00e7ais et un des grands noms de la litt\u00e9rature fran\u00e7aise en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. Destin\u00e9 \u00e0 la carri\u00e8re de marin (son p\u00e8re \u00e9tait armateur), Francois-Rene Chateaubriand y renon\u00e7a et, en 1789, assista aux premiers bouleversements de la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise. 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Il est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme l’un des pr\u00e9curseurs du romantisme fran\u00e7ais et un des grands noms de la litt\u00e9rature fran\u00e7aise en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. Destin\u00e9 \u00e0 la carri\u00e8re de marin (son p\u00e8re \u00e9tait armateur), Francois-Rene Chateaubriand y renon\u00e7a et, en 1789, assista aux premiers bouleversements de la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise. En 1791,Read More","og_url":"https:\/\/www.mahaarat.com\/?p=1193","og_site_name":"\u0645\u0640\u0647\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a","article_published_time":"2013-11-06T21:00:10+00:00","author":"\u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0634","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629":"\u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0634","\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631":"5 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.mahaarat.com\/?p=1193#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mahaarat.com\/?p=1193"},"author":{"name":"\u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0634","@id":"https:\/\/www.mahaarat.com\/#\/schema\/person\/c30b7225e814019293fe4cf27784e0c1"},"headline":"Chateaubriand","datePublished":"2013-11-06T21:00:10+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mahaarat.com\/?p=1193"},"wordCount":1090,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mahaarat.com\/#\/schema\/person\/c30b7225e814019293fe4cf27784e0c1"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mahaarat.com\/?p=1193#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"","articleSection":["pages francaises","\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633"],"inLanguage":"ar","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.mahaarat.com\/?p=1193#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.mahaarat.com\/?p=1193","url":"https:\/\/www.mahaarat.com\/?p=1193","name":"Chateaubriand - 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